Transkrypcja: Fitoterapia 8 Biotechnologia roślin leczniczych cz 2 3

Opis wygenerowany przez Skrybot

In this informative series of videos, we delve into the fascinating world of genetic engineering and its applications in plant cells. We explore various methods of gene introduction, such as the gene gun, microinjection, liposome fusion, and the use of vectors like viruses and plasmids. The videos also discuss the use of artificial chromosomes in genetic engineering, including yeast and human chromosomes, as well as bacterial chromosomes and artificial chromosomes like PAK.

The series also covers the role of lentiviruses and bacteria like Agrobacterium tumefaciens as vectors in genetic engineering. We discuss how these vectors are used to insert genetic material into host cells and how techniques like PCR analysis, electrophoresis, and ELISA tests are used to confirm successful insertion.

Moreover, we touch on the topic of genetically modified plants, their potential allergenicity, and the benefits they offer in producing proteins and vaccines. We acknowledge the controversies surrounding GMOs but also highlight their potential benefits.

In a different video, we engage in a discussion about the regulations and restrictions surrounding the production and sale of supplements. We emphasize the importance of following GISA regulations and provide insights into the possibilities of selling products in Poland or the European Union.

Lastly, we delve into topics like the need for a logo and brand for an online store and advertising of dietary supplements. We discuss the restrictions on advertising claims for therapeutic properties and the importance of protecting intellectual property, such as brand and recipe formulations.

Join us in this journey of exploration and discovery in the realm of genetic engineering and supplement production. Whether you're a student, a professional, or simply curious, this series has something for everyone!

Transkrypcja wygenerowana przez Skrybot

Punch, punch, punch, punch, punch, punch. Ladies and gentlemen, we are back after the break. I'm sorry, I'm looking through the questions you sent in. Not all of them are mine. The questions about the Lancet's Queen, the Bloodsucker, the number of the plant species are not mine. So I won't be helping you with that. We will discuss the rest later. So if there is anything else, we can discuss it later. Could you please help us with the questions? We have a few controversial ones. I don't know if you remember, but the previous group, the Lutov's group, had exactly the same questions. We think there are a few possible correct answers.

The Lancet's Queen, the plant species, and the skin. I will say the most correct answers. But in fact, all of them are correct. So the Bloodsucker, the skin, the Lutov's disease. I will think about it. Let's finish this part about biotechnology and we will deal with it in a moment. I think the questions are too general. My questions are too detailed, but it is easier to find the answer. Okay, ladies and gentlemen. Now I have to find it. So it is introducing genes into the plant cell. We have talked about the chemical method, we have electroporation. But we also have something called a gene gun.

So in the literal translation, we have a gene gun. The principle of operation is the same as in any other gun. We introduce a special container with our gene structures. And by firing this weapon, our gene structure is introduced. These gene structures are placed on micro-bearings, which are usually made of precious metals. But the problem with using gene guns is that due to the force of action, some of the cells are destroyed. Also some of the structures are destroyed. This method is quite expensive. The advantage is that you can transform all types of cells. The efficiency is quite high. Another method of introducing genes into the plant is microinjection.

You may have heard about this method. It is similar to the method used for infestation of in vitro or for the formation of clones, such as the Dolly sheep. This method is not very efficient. We are working on a single cell level. We are working in special sterile microscopes. We have to hold each cell we want to transform with a special pipette, a micro-manipulator, and then we introduce the gene structure into the unmoved cell. I am sorry, but in this method, the in vitro cells are introduced into the egg cell. Yes, the egg cell is immobilized and then the gene structure is introduced. There are different methods, but this method can also be used.

This method is not for the in vitro cells, but for the in vitro cells. This method is precise. We know that we are introducing a given gene structure. This method is quite long, because the cell level manipulation is long. It requires a lot of precision. It is not very efficient, because we are working on a single cell. This method is similar to the chemical method, where we mix a gene structure with protoplasts. This method is self-reliant. Another method is the so-called liposome fusion method. I have already told you about liposomes, probably on the occasion of pharmacology. I hope I am not wrong.

This is one of the forms that can be used to introduce drugs. The cell membranes are so-called lipid double-layer membranes. We have an external and an internal layer. Here we have hydrophobic hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails. If such a double layer meets each other, it is an integration of the layers. If we close our gene structures in such liposomes and introduce them into the environment where the cells are, our gene structures will get to the target cell. We must remember that this is only possible when we get rid of the cell wall of the plant cell. Here we have protoplasts, which grow in such environment.

This is a very efficient method, if we manage to close the gene structures in such liposomes. Here we have the method without vectors. We have gene structures, which are either on noble metals or in liposomes. They are introduced into the cells in such a form or in the microinjection method. Another way is to use vectors. Vectors are fragments of nucleic acids, which have the ability to penetrate the cells. Here, we have a vector, for example, of a virus. Viruses penetrate the cells of the host. In this way, it is possible to transfer the genetic material. Also, the natural vectors are plasmids.

Plasmids are the colloidal particles of nucleic acids, which occur naturally in bacterial cells. The function of plasmids in natural conditions is responsible for the resistance to the activity of antibiotics. Plasmids can get into the cells through the environment, where the cells live. Plasmids can move from cell to cell. In this way, the resistance to the activity of antibiotics is expanded. Thanks to the existence of vectors, it is possible to use them to construct genetic structures and to transfer such information. Plasmids replicate independently from the main DNA. Just as in cells, before division, genetic material is multiplied, it is then distributed to the host cells. Here, plasmids replicate independently.

It may be that there are 50 plasmids in one cell, and 500 in the other. The division is independent. Plasmids that are most often used are those from Escherichia coli. Plasmids containing the origin of replication are introduced into the gene selection gene structure. Such a gene structure can be placed on the food with cells. The cells should accept this gene structure. It can then be expressed. Another vector that is used, but not as often as plasmids, because plasmids are quite easy to use, besides, they can be multiplied in large numbers in bacterial cells, are the so-called artificial chromosomes. One of the first artificial chromosomes used in these techniques was a yeast chromosome.

However, now present in the laboratories are also other chromosomes, we will talk about it in a moment. Such a chromosome has elements similar to a normal chromosome, such as telomerous sequences, which are the protective ends of chromosomes. Before the destruction of the important genetic material, it has a centromer, which is the place where the divided cells attach to each other. It also has a gene that interests us, and also so-called autonomic replicating sequences, which condition that what we have in this artificial yeast chromosome will be reproduced, will be rewritten and will be expressed. Another artificial chromosome, as I said, are human chromosomes, such as SACCHE chromosomes.

They differ from the chromosomes that are found naturally, because, among other things, they do not contain protein components, as I told you, these chromosomes are associated with proteins, they are heavily packed, but they also contain a telomerous, centromerous fragment, which is the one to which the divided cells attach during the division, and they contain this gene, and, similarly, the SACCHE artificial chromosome is constructed in the same way, it contains these fragments. What else differentiates human or natural SACCHE chromosomes from artificial ones is that they are actually small, because apart from these structural-regulator sequences, telomeres, centromeres, autonomic replicating fragments, they contain one gene that interests us. These are not tens of genes or thousands of genes, so this structure is small.

What is important, however, is that such a structure behaves like any normal chromosome, that is, it replicates before cell division and then moves to the sub-cells one by one. So here we have this way of introducing this structure. We also have bacterial chromosomes, which are similar to plasmids, a bit like yeast chromosomes, but they contain a few other fragments, including sequences that allow for multiplication in eukaryotic cells. At the molecular level, bacterial and eukaryotic cells are similar, but there are other regulatory mechanisms, and these mechanisms must be ensured by these additional sequences. We also have a so-called artificial chromosome, PAK, which contains a fragment of ORI, that is, transcription initiation, from the bacteriophage. Bacteriophages are virus particles attacking bacterial cells. The vectors I mentioned, i.

e. bacterial, yeast, human, or plasmid vectors, are associated with the so-called autonomic transformation. They are a carrier of genetic information. They can spread like other chromosomes, but they cannot be integrated with the genetic material of the recipient. However, there are also vectors that ensure this integration. This means that the genetic material that is introduced into the host's cell is primarily built into the host's cell. These are the virus or bacteriophage vectors. Some viruses, such as viruses of animals or bacteria, have the ability to build into the host's DNA cell. This form can last for many years. There is a so-called latent form. At this time, there are no symptoms of infection or disease.

However, this fragment of the virus DNA is still in the host's cell. After some time, as a result of the interaction of various factors, it can be activated and then it can be revealed. The problem with these viruses is that they can build into the host's DNA cell in a place where there should be no expression in natural conditions. For example, proteins that should not be produced in these cells suddenly start to split as a result of the introduction of such a virus. When the virus is released from the cell, it will cut itself out of the host's DNA. It can also take a fragment of the host's genetic material.

These are the factors that give a lot of possibilities. We cannot forget that these are also structures that are linked to the risk of genetic changes. Not only planned ones. Thank you very much. I have a question. Have we not dealt with this in the COVID vaccines? No, no. According to the information provided, the nucleic acid of the virus does not build up. It works independently. It remains in the cytoplasm. The protein particles are synthesized there and then the mRNA should disappear. That's how they are constructed. Here you have examples of various viruses. On the left, we have a scheme of building a bacteriophage. On the right, we have a scheme of building a HIV virus.

It is a lentivirus that is used as a vector in this transformation. In the case of the phages, we have a protein head, inside which is the DNA. We also have a tail that is curly. When this bacteriophage sticks to the bacterial cell, the DNA is shot into the host cell. Here we have a structure of the HIV virus. We also have a capsid, which is the protein layer. Additionally, we have a lipid layer in this virus. Inside, there is RNA. After the DNA is prescribed, it is one of the rare cases when the nucleic acid that codes the information is not DNA, but RNA. In order to integrate, it must be prescribed with RNA.

These are the viruses. Is it called reverse transcription? Yes, it is reverse transcription. It is a natural process in the viruses that enter the host cell. However, in laboratory conditions, reverse transcription is also used. The structure of these viruses is different. Here you have a schematic representation of the different structures of the viruses. Depending on what we want to achieve, how we want to introduce the structure, we choose the viruses that seem to be the most appropriate. At the same time, we have to remember that these cannot be viruses that pose a threat and can cause pathogens. Yes, we can have fragments of plasmids, but they must be fragments of nucleic acids without the pathogenic properties.

As for the virus vectors, as I said, lentiviruses are a very widely used group of viruses. Their genetic material is two strands of RNA. RNA, as has already been said, must be prescribed with RNA for DNA before it can be inserted into the host cell's DNA. That is why it contains, among other things, a gene called GENPOL, which codes the enzyme, reverse transcription. In fact, reverse transcription is not needed in heukaryotic cells. The virus must code the enzyme and transfer it. That is why the genes include GENPOL. It also contains the GAK gene, which codes the structural proteins, among other things, capsid. It also contains the ENV gene, which codes the protein of the enzyme.

Again, heukaryotic cells do not contain these genes, because they are unnecessary. So the virus codes them. In addition to lentiviruses, HIV viruses, which I mentioned, there are also viruses of immunodeficiency, like monkeys, but in these genetic constructs the pathogenic fragments are used. If we have our virus gene with these three GENs, GAK, POL, ENV, in laboratory conditions, the target gene is inserted in the right places, in the right cells, in the regulatory and promotory sequences, and it is inserted in the right cells, where they are multiplied. Only then such constructs are inserted in the plant cells. Other vectors can also be bacterial. These are also vectors based on the ability to move and to enter the host cell. Here, a very common use is the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

It is a pathogen that causes cancerous plants on the roots. But this shows that this bacterium can easily enter the plant. In laboratory conditions, it is used. These bacteria contain the so-called plasmid T. After the proper transformation of this plasmid so that it is not pathogenic, it is inserted in the right GEN. And also, as it was with other plasmids, it can be inserted here. Here you can see the penetration. As a curiosity, the bacteria entering the root is a completely natural thing. We have butterfly plants that live with bacteria that absorb nitrogen from the air. Then we have a certain form of symbiosis. Of course, in other cases, we can have a pathological state, as I showed here with these bacteria.

Similarly, as in the case of other previously discussed constructs, we also need to have a target GEN, a reporter GEN, a marker GEN, and a regulation sequence. The principle of creation is exactly the same. Once we have these constructs and we know how we want to transform this plant, we choose this technique. You saw a video on growing plants. We can use this GEN GAN and introduce our constructs in this way. We can put them on a plate and introduce them into something that we call regeneration. This is how we obtain a target plant. If we introduce them into a creation, we introduce them into regeneration of an organism.

Of course, if we introduce a structural marker, we can't always be sure whether it has been transformed or not, whether it is still functioning or not. At this point, we need to use the identification technique. We won't go into details. I just wanted to show you that the techniques you have probably heard about, such as PCR analysis, are one of these techniques. If we know what GEN we have introduced, we can use the so-called starters to check whether in the cells of our plant after regeneration there is such a fragment. We use PCR analysis in a test tube at the appropriate temperature. We have a systematic multiplication. It will be several dozen cellular cycles. We work with a temperature of 90 degrees.

We lead to DNA denaturation, i. e. the protein bonds break. In the test tube, there is a so-called master mix, where we have nucleotides, we have the right ions, we also have enzymes, and we have starters, i. e. starters are connected to the sequence we are looking for. Then the temperature is lowered and this fragment is multiplied. To see if the fragment is really multiplied, because this is a procedure that takes several dozen minutes, and we don't see anything in the test tube, because nothing grows there. It is done in a volume of 20 microliters, which is not a very large drop. To identify it, for example, we conduct so-called electrophoresis in the gel. In the level, i. e.

the section in the electrical field, our samples are put in the upper part of the gel, it is placed in the appropriate container, the current is connected, and depending on the size, DNA fragments wander in this gel. Of course, smaller fragments wander faster, larger ones slower. We always place a so-called size marker, and then we know if what appears here, because we usually mark our samples with a fluorescent dye. Previously, bronchoethydins were also used, but it is a very toxic compound, so now, for example, cyber green is used, which is not so toxic. And we know, for example, that our design should be 200 pairs of rules, so everything that appeared here, on this size, will be our sample.

In the rest, this bar is not there, it means that these cells or samples do not contain it. We can also, if we know that it is created, because here we have an analysis of nucleic acids, but if we know that some protein should be created, which will also have a certain size, we can carry out a similar division on a protein gel and also analyze the results in this way. We can also, if we know that this protein is large enough, we can carry out the so-called ELISA test, which is an enzymatic test based on the antigen-antibody reaction. The antibody is connected with the right enzyme, which gives us the right coloration in the sequence.

Where such a protein has appeared, we know that it is coded by the introduced gene. However, there are no other genes. And finally, ladies and gentlemen, I'm sorry, I didn't explain this slide, but I'll leave it here, because sometimes there is such information that genetically modified plants can be allergenic. And it really is. It can be so. Anyway, it is becoming more and more often reported. I remember this, well, a dozen years ago, I also encountered this. I think I even told you that old varieties of apples or carrots do not feel. However, now among children, allergies to apples and carrots are becoming more and more common, but to new varieties.

So if such an allergy appears, it is possible that it is a modified form, not necessarily genetically. We also know that the forms that are created by methods, or techniques, I'm sorry, techniques, biotechnological, not genetic, will lead to the formation of a new protein that can be allergic. And finally, because we are talking about transgenic plants, we are talking about the fact that they really do quite a lot of harm, cause a lot of controversy. But we also have to remember that in laboratory conditions, in well-controlled conditions, transgenic plants can be our neighbors. Because you certainly have in your environment people who, for example, are vegans, vegetarians, and for them some products produced in animal bodies are unacceptable.

Besides, production in animal bodies is associated with the suffering of these animals. So here we need help from plant GMOs. Because it turns out that plants, if we prepare a structure that behaves well, is able to be fertilized and express in plant cells, plants can be our factory producing proteins, not only plants. And the first animal protein produced in plants was human growth hormone, produced in sunflower and in titanium. This production was first made in 1986. And now a lot of different drugs are being made. Also so-called edible vaccines are being made. These are also works undertaken by Polish institutes. And here you have examples of selected proteins produced in plant organisms.

For example, look, here we have albumin of human lipid, which is necessary. I remind you that albumin conditions, among other things, the metabolic metabolism, transport of drugs, etc. It was possible to produce it in titanium and in cell cultures. We have, for example, lysosome. This is an enzyme that is used, among other things, in experimental conditions. What else do we have here? We have enterotoxins from the coli series, produced in potatoes, used as a vaccine. Here we have a fragment of HIV virus protein, also used to produce vaccines. We have casein, trypsin, interleukin, used in immunological treatment.

We have lactoferrin, which is very important, because it is a strong anti-oxidant, because iron shows us the activity against cancer. We also have interferon, again immunological treatment. We have subunits of alpha and beta of human hemoglobin in titanium. So, you will see that, yes, GMO and this whole biotechnology creates a certain threat, but it also creates certain possibilities for us. Okay, ladies and gentlemen, it's time for our meeting to end. I will stop recording. I will stop recording. The questions should be available now. I will open a chat for you.

I will do the same with you as I did with the previous group, so I will see what answers I have sent you, so that you can answer well. So, what is the question from this group? I need to see which question it was. Any other? What is the question about the brainwashing system? The Padquis addresses its Pauline speaking partner as she couldn't get a chance and asks him to repeat herself3 Pauline explaining her questions in Czech Oh, right. I've got an answer. . .

Second and third question Here you have the answer C Pauline asks her partner as she couldn't get a chance and asks him to repeat herself Pauline agrees I'm sorry, but there were also some doubts about the brain tissue. It seems that all the answers are correct. The brain tissue includes the brain walls and two half-circles covered with the brain cord divide into the brain walls. With the brain tissue? Yes, all the answers are correct. Thank you very much. Good. For sure, because there are also questions from the audience. When it comes to the sentence, the sentence is not true. It is a sentence with a bird's rhododendron.

The bird's rhododendron and the free-range bird accelerate the release and ejection of stones. What are the questions? Which ones? Maybe one by one, because this way it will take us a long time. It was going down. I have to see. We can think about it now, but it will be best if I tell you what was sent. In a moment. Biological. Heart muscle. Here should be B, but in a moment. Can we operate with the numbers of questions? I don't have that. I send separate questions to each meeting. I don't know what you got from. . . I understand, thank you. Unless we fly over like before.

You tell me where they start and I will open the right one and we can fly in turn. Then it will be faster. Who starts? One by one, we have questions that I think are for sure from you, Professor. It is like this. The system fluids are the answer where we have them. Which numbers are they? 61 in our questions. Okay, wait a moment. Which one is it now? The 61st question. Thank you. If we have to do all the questions with you, it will be probably from the 61st. It will probably be the fastest, because we will be in turn. So the system fluids. . .

Excuse me, but is this also for the March group? No, no, no. The March group can switch off. Excuse me. The March group will have their own questions. I understand. So we as the March group can switch off, right? Yes, you can. . . Thank you very much for the support. Thank you very much. See you after the holidays. Thank you. Thank you. Someone sent me these questions. Thank you. Okay, so the system fluids. . . Okay, I have it now. The answer is D. D. So all of them, as I have them. Chomaostasis, the answer will be C. Yes. Chomaostasis, the answer will be A. Yes. Chomaostasis, all of the answers, so D. Yes.

Chromoglobin, B. Yes. Cell respiration, A. Yes. The false sentence, so B, R, D, bird and field fluid. No, not that. I can see it in a moment. Because from this part, all of them were mine. I can see the next one. Okay, so it will be. . . In a moment. Sorry, but something. . . Okay. False sentence, R, D, bird. Yes. Yes. Yes, yes, yes. Chromoglobin, D, it was already. The bird, C. The growth rate, D, all of them are correct. Oh, so they mixed it up. Chromoglobin, D. Yes. The bird system, C. And the growth rate, D. Yes. I don't know, I can't. . . Pharmacognosia, I don't know if it's your.

. . Yes, they will be from me. In a moment. We had pharmacology and pharmacognosia. Pharmacognosia, the answer is D. Can you ask the numbers? The numbers. 81st now. What's the answer? 81st? I'm asking you, professor, if it's D. In a moment, okay? Because I have to see which one I sent you. I can't tell you. In a moment. I have to see if I sent. . . Because not all the questions were repeated for that group and for yours, so I'm here. . . Pharmacognosia, D. Biologically active substances, A. Yes. 83. No problem, because these are biologically active substances of plant origin, showing the effect on heart muscles. Is this B and this is a letter? Yes, yes, yes, yes. Cardenolides.

Antioxidant properties have D. All of them? Yes. Cumarine glycosides, D. All of them? Agree. 86. Alkaloids, C. Carbohydrates, B. Yes. 88. Biologically active substances of plant origin having a strong antioxidant property are alkaloids, so C. Yes. 89. Fungi, B. Yes. Flavonoids, B. They dissolve. And now, antraglicosides, A. Yes. Glycoside acids. . . And Tobi, please wait because this will be from another presentation. I have to see. Please give me a moment. So, which question are we at now? Antraglicosides are compounds showing a cleansing effect. Now, glycoside acids affecting the heart's activity. Ok. We'll see in a moment if they should be here. I say because. . . I'll look for antraglicosides in a moment because I don't have them here.

I don't know if it was. . . Maybe it was from another year. Ok. Now, glycoside acids affecting the heart's activity affect the functioning of the urinary system. And now, I have D. All of them are true. Yes. Agree. Water-based substances are A. Yes. The sentence, which is not true, is B. 94th is therapeutic activity of fruit and leaves from the uravina. D. All of them are true. 95th is a flour. C. Because it has to be a basic one. The sentence, which is not true, is B. Will you be able to read it? 97th is a fertilizer. A. Yes. 99th is a bacterial. . . antibacterial activity in urinary tract diseases. D. All of them are true. Yes.

The sentence, which is not true, is therapeutic activity of tricarbid in urinary tract diseases. D. Agree. Great. It's 98th. 98th, yes. 98th, what is it? 98th, the sentence, which is not true, is B. It's the opposite. It contains a brew. No, 98th is an activity of external urinary tract diseases. It can be used. We don't have 98th. We do. All of them. I don't have 98th in this case. It's 97th. 97th and 98th. They are written one after another. Yes. Indeed. The answer is D. D. The answer is D. Which question? What is the content of the question? I don't have 98th. It's under 97th, but it's a brew. I see. And which one is here? D. D.

Wait a minute. I will look for it with the antraglicosides. I'm sure it wasn't sent by me this year. Wait a minute. I'll see what I need. Antraglicosides. Look for it. Did you manage to get the information of the question 32? Because it was missing. No. It's still missing. This question. I will ask how many questions must be correct, I mean how many answers must be correct to pass the exam? Does anyone know? And how many questions will be on the exam? Will it be all of them? Or some part? Part. 30 questions are to be from these. 30 questions, yes. The previous one was 30. Good. And one more organizational question.

Can you use a phone as a device on which the final exam will be given? Does it have to be a computer or a camera? How does it look like? Nobody mentioned it. I'm asking because I had various exams before and everything was somehow specified that I had to record everything during the exam. So I'm asking because I don't know. Does anyone have any information? I have to tell you that these questions, which. . . I mean, in other words, the previous exams, because there were a few of them, everything is going really well for you. The score is usually at the level of 90 something percent. So, well, I think it's quite, quite, quite. So. . . I'm looking for questions about these anthrax and cozyda.

And I'll be honest, because it fits my case, but. . . Because in the previous lectures it was with. . . Only the cleansing, right? Only, ah, because that one doesn't work. And the question is not directed only to her because it's not true, because this DuraVid is not true, right? So here, evidently, this B can't be either. And it doesn't have to be used under the doctor's control when it's used in the cozyda. Well, that's also. . . But that's not. . . I can't find this question, I have to tell you, but. . . I don't have my previous. . . from previous years. Ah. . . But if I find something, I'll write it to you at the top.

But here, from this part, I think you'll be able to handle it very well. Because these questions that you had here, you had them well prepared, so. . . We have a problem with this Lancet woman. Mhm. Maybe. That's why this throat here. . . Which question is this? Thirty-ninth. Because here I have to. . . Wait, I'll open it here. And apparently there's a blood donor, right? Yes, but you know, I remember these questions, because the previous one, this Lutowa group gave it. I said, well, I told you about the grandmother and the blood donor, but I don't quite remember these questions. So. . . Well, this certainly concerns. . . Because I didn't have. . . Exactly, because I didn't have a food system with you. No.

No, she didn't have it with us, yes. And that's a problem for us. Yes. Yes, it's a problem, because we used to ask questions, but the doctor wasn't sure. These were the answers so very general, that's why we have a problem with these answers when it comes to the food system. Exactly. I remember that for dozens of questions, these are questions, both 39th and 59th, these are from the first lectures that were held in September. And there was a table, in one of the lectures, and it said that the grandmother was theoretically a skin. There is a skin, but the grandmother was also a skin, but you can also use it for the throat, because it has such an antiseptic effect. But we can just point out one answer.

And the dean can't answer, and that's also a problem for us, because not all questions are formulated correctly, we want to answer accurately, and that's a problem for us. And the dean doesn't understand this. Do you have a contact to the director? No. I wouldn't use the grandmother only for hair. Because the skin, even I told you, you surely remember, in the yard, when you were playing, the injury, what was applied. Yes, I did it myself, exactly on myself. Exactly.

Professor, I have a question, can you use the grandmother for such injuries as well? Yes, I did it in my yard, I did something there, I got injured in the yard, and I just took these two leaves, I made this juice, and I applied it to the wound, and it was without my home doctor's help. Yes, exactly. I would personally use the skin, because there is even something, I don't remember if it was mentioned in the first classes that the grandmother, was already used by the Roman militants, when they had a grip on the skin of the soldiers, etc. There was a table also on this lecture, and there was also skin. And the grandmother is anemia, skin, hair rashes. The grandmother is used for diseases. Anemia, hair rashes.

Is there anyone from the previous group? Because I have here, they had the 89th question and it is marked C, in the outline I have marked in the row. And from above it also says that everything fits, and they had marked in the row. I just don't remember exactly how the question was formulated. But I know that someone wrote it down, maybe this person is here. I'm sorry, and which one was the question? Which one was it? I have here. From the previous group, 89th. But we have 59th. And we have 39th. About this blood type. 59th. About the blood type. Blood type. 59th. I mean, I'm wondering here. I'm wondering here. Here. Well, here probably the most, but I'm not sure. Here maybe the reproductive.

Because they influence so much, so regulating, disinfecting, anti-inflammatory. But this is just my assumption. I will not give you hints, because it is unclear to me. And what are we supposed to say? But if I may interject, there are doubts about two or three questions. I think it's not a big problem, because if we had 100% positive answers, it would also be a bit suspicious. So, well. . . It's not surprising that there is some doubt. I think we will pass this exam. No, really, ladies and gentlemen, the previous group passed really well. I say, over 90% were answers. Someone later gave in the later term, I don't know why, but I also signed the protocol. So it was very good.

So, I say, taking into account how you prepared for my questions, everything was correct. So, I don't think you will fail the exam. So, as you said, these are individual questions, so I think you will pass. If it's only those. Because I understand. . . Because these questions about blood type and age, I remember from the previous meeting, also raised doubts. So. . . And besides, there is always a recall procedure. Remember that, too, if the questions are so structured and you have doubts, I don't assume, but if something would fail, then there is a procedure to weigh the result. Yes, and for every month we pay PLN 200 more. Oh my! But that's when you weigh the result. No, that's not. . . It's not specified. We were not supposed to have additional payments.

It turns out that we have to pay for the exam additionally. So I read this contract and it was not written anywhere. And then we get the information that COVID works for it. Unfortunately. I think we all get COVID. I speak as a manager of the cathedral, ladies and gentlemen, where we recently bought food for the livestock. I used to pay PLN 700 for food. Now we need to supplement it and I get an offer for PLN 1,500. I tell my technician that something is wrong. I wanted just one bottle of food. He says, yes, that's the price. I'm sorry, but I'm saying it here. I hope you will calculate everything and there will be no extension. If you have any questions, please send them to me.

If I don't reply, please send them again. I sometimes get spam or I have a full box and something doesn't work. I think you can handle it. I keep my fingers crossed. Good luck with your work. I can ask you for an e-mail to the professor. Anna. Brozyna I will write it here in the chat. Thank you very much. It's done. If you have any questions, please write them. Please give me some time because I'm not in Poland so I can have some restrictions. I'm trying to check the mail. I hope we will contact each other. Good luck and see you soon. Thank you for the lecture. Thank you. Thank you. Goodbye. Thank you. Goodbye. Thank you very much. Goodbye. Thank you. Goodbye.

Thank you. Goodbye. Thank you. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Goodbye. Glicional Senior guy Hard work Goodbye. Goodbye. I will try to explain it. You are giving two groups of products, because supplements are regulated, or at least less restricted than the issue of introducing them into the treatment products, but we have to follow the regulations, we have to follow the regulations of the GISA, we have to provide the appropriate conditions for production. But the question is still a bit directional. Do you, in your own. . . I understand it well. In your own scope, you intend to produce these products from A to Z? Exactly.

I see. But the final product, the one that was supposed to be sold, was placed in your enterprise. Mhm, good. So you would have a status of a manufacturer, and then an item that introduces into the market, because now I'm talking about constructions that are typically legal, because there are other, different obligations. And now, one more thing. Are you planning to sell this in Poland only, or are you thinking about it now, right away, or in the long term, about introducing it into the European Union, only in Poland? Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm.

Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Mhm. Okay, so after the meeting we will definitely. . . Okay. Okay, but please don't rush, because we won't get to know this material right now.

It's more important that there are similar products, so we can make an assumption that a product with a similar composition will also be able to exist in the circulation. And now there is a question that there are special categories, for example, products with vitamin C, with a certain concentration, subject to separate regulatory requirements. But these are, let's say, such nuances, we always try to simply introduce it to the client. Okay, so we can assume that we have a product with a standardized composition that works in circulation. We can assume that if we create something similar, there will also be no obstacles from the regulatory side. However, there are still issues from the regulatory side.

Appointment to the GISA and providing such assistance from our legal side, with a submission of a report to the GISA, and possibly solving problems that may arise in such a process, because various things are happening. Sometimes the organ is called for, the report is checked, it makes observations, there are just various possible scenarios. And here we always offer such support, adequate to what is happening. So if you prepare, usually it is, customers usually prepare a documentation, a submission, we just verify it. Before it is sent to the organ, we just look from the legal side, whether everything is okay in our opinion. And now there is one more issue, the designation of the supplement.

Because this is a separate category of regulations, legal regulations, i. e. labeling. Consumer law generally imposes a number of obligations on the manufacturer, what should be included in such a label, what proportions on this label, individual inscriptions, various situations of this kind. And also, if we get a label project with a technical description of what is written there, we are also able to verify it from the legal side and determine, if not with 100% certainty, then also indicate any risks and recommendations that should be improved, so that you can safely label such a product and put it on the market in a specific packaging. So these are the issues.

So with you, it is really a matter of carrying out this reporting procedure, i. e. actually from our side, verification of the application, possibly solving some problems with the organ that sometimes appear, and the issue is just verifying the label. And besides that, there is no way to simply make the issue extremely important for the business, i. e. the protection of the product in a broad sense. Because now, there is a question of the whole intellectual property that will be the strength or weakness of your business.

Because if you are talking about your own brand, it is a matter of presenting it outside, maybe some name, some logo, which we will probably present somewhere, both on the Internet and in the online store and in advertising. And also, when it comes to advertising of dietary supplements, if people feel like it, they always ask us about it, whether an advertising message can be given in one form or another, because there are also certain restrictions in relation to, I don't know, liquids, dishes. Because you also have to be careful not to point out, for example, its therapeutic, healing properties when advertising a dietary supplement.

This is just a separate category of such, but it depends on which promotional channels you choose. And then, whether it's just some folders or advertisements on the Internet, we also consult whether it's just almost okay. But back to the intellectual property. Your own brand, your own recipes, i. e. the formulations, how to mix what, how much of what should be, how this process of getting to the final product goes. These are potentially issues that are worth paying attention to to simply protect them.

So, I suppose you won't be doing all of this yourself, some other entities will probably be involved, maybe employees, co-workers, some partners of the contract, who will be mixing something for you at some stage. Anyway, there is just. . . . . . Okay. However. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Perfect. Perfect. We'll definitely get back to you with information, we'll try to, I say, from this experience, just to tell you a little bit. So, we have it, I think. . . . Yes. Good, good. Great. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Have a good day. Subtitles created by Skrybot. pl .

Dariusz Ciesielski

Fitoterapia 8 Biotechnologia roślin leczniczych cz 2 3

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